Rumored Buzz on Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc

Not known Facts About Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc


Solar panel cleaning, like many pressure washing endeavors, might look like a simple sufficient do it yourself job on the surface. Certain, you have to get up on your roofing system and also invest hrs cleansing your panels when you could be loosening up, yet perhaps you'll conserve money, right? While the seemingly money-saving lure of do it yourself photovoltaic panel cleaning might be alluring, the reality is that professional solutions have obvious benefits that DIY initiatives might not measure up to.


Any type of cleaning initiative from an elevated height poses a significant security danger if you're unaccustomed to this sort of work. Autumns from your roof can lead to significant injury and also leave you facing weeks of pain and pain. Experts are much better furnished to work from roofs as well as are far less most likely to suffer an injury on the work.


Photovoltaic panel cleaning can be a taxing as well as tiresome task that maintains you from investing your totally free time doing what you 'd like. One of the most significant advantages of employing a specialist is that you get remedy for this task and also obtain to recover your totally free time on your own. Lots of DIY efforts can lead to crashes or mistakes that create damages to outsides.


Utilizing too-harsh chemicals or too-heavy water stress can maim your panels and harm your investment. With expert solutions, you can rest assured that your photovoltaic panels remain in knowledgeable hands and won't experience excessive damages or deterioration. With specialist solutions, you're likely to get more comprehensive, satisfying results.




The Facts About Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc Revealed


They won't cut corners and won't supply anything less than their really best. With so several benefits of specialist solar panel cleaning, it's hard to pass up this solution for your home. While DIY initiatives can definitely be reliable, there are countless advantages of going the professional path.




 
Window Cleaning Near Me

If you're considering photovoltaic panels for your house, it is essential to hire a professional photovoltaic panel installer. Photovoltaic panel installation is an intricate process, as well as if not done appropriately, it can harm your tools as well as void your guarantee. Professional solar panel installers have the experience and also proficiency to install your solar power system appropriately as well as safely (Solar Panel Cleaning in Riverside CA).


There are lots of reasons that you might pick to mount photovoltaic panels in your house. A planetary system can aid you conserve money on your energy expense, as well as it can raise the worth of your home and help reduce your carbon impact. Photovoltaic panel are an excellent method to go environment-friendly, and also they're a wise financial investment for your house.




Solar Panel Cleaning CompanySolar Cleaning
Residential solar panels are also reduced maintenance as well as have a long life-span, so as soon as they're installed, you will not need to stress over them for years. Although they may appear pricey because of the high expense of photovoltaic panels, photovoltaic panels will ultimately spend for themselves. This is due to the fact that solar panels are resilient and also can last for years with appropriate upkeep.




The Best Strategy To Use For Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc


Solar setup companies have the experience and also know-how to ensure that your solar panels are installed properly and also securely. They will also guarantee that your solar panels are mounted in conformity with local building codes and regulations.


Solar firms will certainly likewise manage all of the documents linked with the solar panel installment procedure. In enhancement, they will obtain the needed permits and examinations from your local building division.


It's vital to employ an expert solar panel installer to make certain that your solar panels are mounted correctly and safely. Right here are 7 advantages of working with specialist photovoltaic panel installers: When you employ a professional photovoltaic panel installer, you can be sure that they will use top quality equipment. This suggests that your solar panels will be installed correctly and also will last for many years.


Photovoltaic panel performance has actually improved dramatically in recent times, so it is necessary to select solar panels that are excellent quality as well as will create a great deal of power. One more terrific factor to employ a solar panel installer is that it can conserve your residence from possible damages. Solar Panel Cleaning Near Me. If you try to set up photovoltaic panels on your own, you might mistakenly damage your roof.




The 8-Minute Rule for Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc


Their experience as well as effectiveness will certainly give you tranquility of mind that your solar panels remain in great hands. When you hire a photovoltaic panel installer, they will have the ability to install your solar panels swiftly as well as successfully. If you try to set up solar panels yourself, it can take you days and even weeks to do it.




Window CleaningGutter Cleaning Near Me
Plus, their experience and understanding will certainly make sure that your solar panels are installed properly the very first time. Another vital reason to employ solar panel installers is electrical safety and security.




This is especially important if you have little ones or pets in your home. Solar panel installment is everything about security. Several potential threats are entailed, such as operating at elevations and also handling electrical circuitry. If you don't feel comfy doing it yourself, then it's best to leave it to the experts.




Gutter CleaningSolar Panel Cleaning

 



Setting up a photovoltaic panel system also calls for complying with building regulations and also getting the correct permits (http://dugoutmugs01.unblog.fr/2023/05/16/solar-panel-cleaning-enhancing-efficiency-and-maximizing-output/). If you do not do it correctly, you could be fined or even need to remove your photovoltaic panels - Solar Panel Cleaning Company. At Intelligent Layout, we'll stroll you with visit this page allowing paperwork as well as costs to do whatever appropriately from the beginning.




The Ultimate Guide To Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc


Lastly, photovoltaic panel installment can likewise raise your house's resale worth. If you ever make a decision to sell your home, solar panels will certainly make it extra attractive to prospective buyers. Not just will photovoltaic panels conserve the brand-new property owners money on their energy bills monthly, yet it's also an exceptional method to reveal that your house is environment-friendly.Give us a telephone call today or fill in our on the internet form to start. https://www.imdb.com/user/ur165523822/?ref_=nv_usr_prof_2.

 

Not known Details About Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc

Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc for Dummies

 

Turn off your solar power system to guarantee your safety and protect against any type of damage to your devices. The longer photovoltaic panels are in the sunlight, the hotter they get. Clean your panels in the early morning, very early afternoon, or choose an awesome day to stay clear of any type of excessive warmth. Start by utilizing a yard hose to clean your solar panels.


Do not cleanse the wiring beneath. Load a bucket or spray container with cozy water and normal meal soap to clean your photovoltaic panels. There's no need to buy a special cleansing solution. Prevent using a high-pressure hose that might create fractures or various other damages to your solar panels. Window Cleaning Near Me. Important note: Beware if you require to climb up on the roofing to cleanse your panels.


With multi-story homes, high roofings or glossy surface areas, it might remain in your benefit to work with a specialist in your location. If you're not comfy with cleaning your photovoltaic panels, there are lots of expert cleansing companies offered. From robotics firms that make use of semi-autonomous equipments to modern cleaning options that utilize waterless vibration and nanoparticle coverings, there are various means to cleanse your photovoltaic panels.

 

 

 

What Does Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc Mean?

 

 
Solar Panel Cleaning In Riverside Ca

 

 

 


Regional solar panel cleaning firms are an on-line search away, with inexpensive alternatives. When it concerns cleansing your solar panels, it's vital to use the ideal materials to prevent scraping or damaging the glass. A basic, effective cleansing method is to utilize a soft sponge or towel, warm water, as well as recipe soap, which can conveniently eliminate dust and particles.


Prevent using strong cleansing detergents, as these can streak and also damages the glass, causing minimized panel efficiency. Utilizing a squeegee to remove filthy water can likewise aid maintain the sanitation of your panels - https://filesharingtalk.com/members/581028-solarxpresc1ean. While one or two times a year is generally sufficient for many areas, there are grandfather clauses that require added attention.


Eliminating fallen leaves and also snow in fall as well as winter is additionally crucial. To establish the optimum cleansing frequency, monitor changes in power output before and after cleansing and also experiment with different time periods. By keeping your panels clean, you can guarantee that they're operating at optimal effectiveness as well as producing the most electricity feasible.

 

 

 

Some Known Questions About Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc.


Utilizing a squeegee to get rid of dirty water can additionally be valuable. Prevent solid cleansing detergents, which can touch and also damage the glass and influence panel effectiveness. Yes, you can clean your photovoltaic panels yourself. With a pail of water, recipe soap, and a low-pressure tube, you can properly clean your photovoltaic panels.

 

 

 

Gutter Cleaning Near MeSolar Cleaning Near Me
Avoid using severe chemicals or stress washers that could damage your panels and also possibly void your guarantee. Always check out the details of your warranty prior to trying to clean your solar panels, and make certain to comply with any kind of guidelines or suggestions offered by the producer. While dish soap as well as water with a soft sponge or dustcloth is a secure and also efficient technique for cleaning photovoltaic panels, Windex is an additional low-cost and widely offered choice for cleaning up glass surface areas like those on your panels.


Stick to a lot more mild cleaning approaches like soap and also water, along with soft brushes or sponges to avoid any kind of damage and also ensure optimum efficiency. The cost of cleaning your photovoltaic panels can vary relying on a number of variables, including the size of the system, the degree of dirt buildup, and also the specific kind of panels.

 

 

 

The 8-Minute Rule for Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc


While rainfall will naturally rinse your panels, making an initiative to cleanse them can make a substantial difference in their efficiency. Dust, dust, and other debris can build up on the surface of photovoltaic panels and decrease their power output by 15-25%. Regular cleaning guarantees your panels remain to perform at peak performance as well as research studies reveal solar panels that are cleansed one or two times a year can generate 3.

 

 

 

Solar Panel Cleaning In Riverside CaSolar Panel Cleaning Service


1% even more power than those that aren't (get more info). While the regularity of cleaning your photovoltaic panels may depend upon the area as well as conditions, it's recommended to clean them every 6 months to a year. The quantity of dirt, dust, as well as debris airborne, the tilt and orientation of your panels, and also the level of rainfall in your area may also influence exactly how typically you need to clean them.

 

 

 

Solar Panel Cleaning ServiceWindow Cleaning Near Me
Not just is it a simple process that will not use up a lot of your time, it can boost your system's effectiveness and also electric expenses financial savings. And also if you don't have the time to cleanse your panels yourself, specialist cleaning company are constantly available. Don't fail to remember to share the benefits of solar with your good friends, family and neighbors! When you refer them and also they go solar with us, we'll send you a $500 check! Related Links:.

 

 

 

An Unbiased View of Solar Express Solar Panel Cleaning Services, Llc


Photo: depositphotos. Once the solar panels are mounted the read review system is fairly low upkeep; just make sure to maintain the solar panels clean in order to preserve the efficiency of your solar system.


Exactly how do you tidy solar panels? Trained specialists that work as photovoltaic panel cleansers almost daily are best outfitted to handle this work. Professional photovoltaic panel cleaners function at elevations regularly, so they recognize the protocols as well as ideal methods to adhere to in order to do the job quickly as well as safely.
 

The Main Principles Of Best Cleaning Services Toronto

6 Simple Techniques For Weekly Cleaning Services In Toronto


As a service owner, you have options on how to establish up your cleaning organization. Consult your lawyer and accountant on what the finest fit is for your certain company.




Clinic Cleaning Services In TorontoJanitorial Services In Toronto
It is straightforward as well as direct. If even more than a single person possesses the cleaning company, the internal revenue service would certainly consider it a partnership. The business partners cooperate the profits and also the liabilities. This kind of company established permits the proprietors and also companions to limit their individual responsibility. The proprietors can understand the tax advantages of a partnership.


The firm for your cleaning company will hold the obligation, pay taxes as well as hold the assets. A sound set of company books is important to a successful organization. Guides for your cleaning organization will certainly track and also tape revenue, expenditures, pay-roll, taxes as well as various other organization classifications. There are accounting software application plans you can purchase for your cleansing business.


It is certainly feasible to do that. Various other entrepreneur find that assigning the moment to do audit takes away from core company solutions, such as cleaning for customers. If you have a capable relative who you trust with your organization details, you might consider him or her for bookkeeping.




What Does Post Construction Cleaning Toronto Do?


As your cleaning service organization constructs, the deals will certainly enhance proportionally. You might begin a cleaning company with a family member doing your books, and also after that shift to an expert accounting professional as you grow. Hiring a specialist accountant for your cleansing service has its advantages. There are costs related to this company solution.


Jobber for house cleansing company, If you desire to move your service to one more degree as well as stand above your rivals, execute software application option for simplify all processes like invoicing, organizing, field mangement of your team. This will certainly help you to handle everyday regular and communicate with customers on-the-go. As you look to start a cleansing company, you will have several categories of prices.




Right here are some funding commercial as well as residence cleaning service expenses to bear in mind as you select devices and also products. Driving in a business van or industrial cleaning vehicle to your consumer's residence or business is the method to go. For house maid service, you can make use of a smaller cost-effective cars and truck. Take into consideration storage for products, power and also arrangements of the various cleansing company cars you check out.


A business hoover will make all the difference. The industrial motor, bag as well as cleansing power will certainly permit you to take on any cleaning work. Business vacuum cleaners can last longer as they can have higher duty ratings. Strategy to acquire even more than one for house cleaning in situation one quits working or you have simultaneous tasks for different clients.




Commercial Cleaning Services Toronto for Dummies


As you open your cleaning organization from scrape, you will certainly need cleaning materials. You will more than most likely find a couple of brands of cleaning chemicals that work best for your commercial and house cleansing jobs.




Janitorial Services In TorontoOffice Cleaning Services Toronto
There are eco-friendly cleansing products on the marketplace. You can market this eco-friendly service. Some clients will value this facet of your services. Disinfectants are coming to be a fundamental part of a firm providing cleansing services. As you get your products, you might intend to have some stronger disinfectants in your inventory.


As you look to begin a cleansing business, finances will certainly be crucial. Preparation and understanding where the money will come from to money your cleansing company is the very first action.


If you select this path for your anchor cleansing company, be discerning as you do not want your you can try here business to spoil a connection. If you have your very own methods of moneying your organization, that can be an optimal option.




Excitement About Clinic Cleaning Services In Toronto


You can do Net study or contact your regional court house for this information. Applications for your cleaning organization can generally be completed online or face to face. Be prepared to wait best way to clean high windows on your organization permit. It can occupy to 12 weeks. There is typically a small cost related to the application.


It will certainly take roughly one to 4 weeks for your account to be open. You can call a regional financial institution to see what files they require. Some of the most common files include, the certificate of unification, company identification number (EIN), service formation papers, and your company permit. If you are servicing your very own, your social security number might offer the very same purpose as an EIN.




 


You can also use payment in crypto to your customers and also begin gathering payment to your digital budget. Obligation insurance coverage is designed to safeguard you as a company owner. This kind of service insurance policy will certainly avoid you as well as your partners from being held responsible for your cleaning firm's financial obligations or losses.


Work with your insurance coverage representative to establish the finest degree of insurance coverage for your cleansing company. As you begin your cleaning service from scrape, you will certainly get to pick a service place.




3 Simple Techniques For Best Cleaning Services Toronto


Janitorial Services In TorontoClinic Cleaning Services In Toronto

 



Some local regulations limit companies from operating out of a house. If you are saving service supplies as well as various other inventory at your residence, be certain to have the proper insurance.

 

The Main Principles Of Bright And Shiny

Some Of Bright And Shiny


Your home is greater than simply an area for you and also your household to live, it's likewise a significant monetary investment and also maybe the largest financial investment you might make in your life time. Like all financial investments, you have to secure and also look after it, and a big component of that is keeping the exterior of your house tidy.


Year-round your residence is exposed to dirt, grime, mold, mold, bugs, and all other good manners of particles and to safely as well as effectively get rid of all of this, it would certainly remain in your best rate of interest to work with a specialist stress cleaning business such as Propel Stress Cleaning. That is why we will discuss 8 factors you ought to properly pressure wash your house.


According to Consumer Reports, pressure cleaning your residence can increase the value of your residence by %2-%5. https://anotepad.com/note/read/5fe7e5j8. Wouldn't you state an externally pleasing house is easier to market? What's the factor of spending cash on restorations such as landscaping and also decors if the tidiness of your residence's outside is not part of that effort? Pressure washing your home removes mold and mildew, mildew, as well as discolorations that will repel your next-door neighbors from ever before seeing you.




Not known Details About Bright And Shiny


Soft WashingPressure Washing
Transform back the clock and also have your house look brand-new once again when you select to get it skillfully stress washed. You strive, and most likely invest a great deal of time taking care of individual and family members commitments too. With that being claimed, do you really desire to invest any one of your useful leisure time doing something that you can hire an expert to do.




Gutter CleaningPressure Washing


When it comes to caring for your house, being positive is most definitely the method to go. You can be aggressive by hiring a professional to press wash your house and also invest or, you can be responsive as well as be required to work with a mold and mildew removal specialist as soon as you understand that disregarding your residence's exterior has led to a build-up of mold and mold.


Do not be reactive as well as risk a big expense, be positive and spend a little cash hiring a specialist stress cleaning company. To properly push wash a residence it takes a whole lot of customized tools. This equipment stands for not only a significant up-front financial investment however also more investments in the form of maintenance and also upgrades.




Excitement About Bright And Shiny


If you decide to attempt to pressure clean your home on your own, you are subjecting on your own to the threat of possible injury. After all, you are going to be using water and most likely depending on a ladder. That's a recipe for catastrophe. What happens if you drop? You could get seriously injured, which implies big medical bills.


No matter what type of restoration you may be planning for your residence, removing dirt, gunk, as well as various other contaminants in advance of time is extremely helpful. Think of trying to paint over dust, crud, and also debris that is left on your house?


Offered every one of the advantages that push cleaning offers, and also the affordable involved, working with a specialist pressure washing Detector Robins GA company like Propel Stress Cleaning is the apparent selection to make (House Washing). If you stay in Warner Robins, after that please contact us today for a cost-free quote.




Some Ideas on Bright And Shiny You Need To Know


 



The most noticeable location for house stress washing is the siding. We have actually all seen that dark unsightly development on house siding, especially after a damp loss as well as winter season. The mold or mildew, moss, or algae may be inevitable, however it's important to cleanse it off the residence prior to it spreads out and permanently spots and also problems your house's exterior. https://www.metal-archives.com/users/brightshiny1.




 
Power Washing

A fresh, tidy house will certainly draw in extra prospective buyers, and also sustains a higher prices. An annual pressure washing additionally aids you conserve cash, whether you intend to live in your home for years or sell it. By maintaining the house siding tidy, you reduce the risk of irreversible damage that leads to the need for brand-new house siding or woodwork.


Stress washing the beyond your house can make life much easier for individuals inside your house, particularly if they struggle with allergic reactions. You could not realize it, but several of those sneezes as well as watery eyes can be straight pertaining to the mold and also mold here growing on your house siding. In addition to boosting the air-borne environment inside your house, power cleaning is excellent for the outdoors atmosphere.




What Does Bright And Shiny Do?


Whether you do the pressure washing or call in the pros, maintain the huge image in mind. Look past the exterior wall surfaces of your residence, and also consider what else requires a great cleaning. Your, deck, outdoor patio, secure fencing also a swimming pool, if you have one gain from regular, high-pressure cleaning.


In regards to timing as well as preparation, the basic rule of thumb is: power wash each year. Apply sealant every other year. If that appears like a great deal of job, rememberyou can always call Lee Business as well as make use of our. Having a residence is the American dream, but it does include a whole lot of stress.




 

 



Lee Company takes the stress off. Do you require handyman solutions for home upkeep?




About Bright And Shiny


One of the frequently asked questions we receive concerning power washing is what is the difference between power cleaning and also stress washing - Power Washing. This is an excellent question we're mosting likely to answer for you now concerning this topic. Power cleaning usages heat during the procedure of the pressurized water application while stress washing does not.

 

A Biased View of No Pressure Cleaning Solutions

No Pressure Cleaning Solutions Things To Know Before You Get This

 

According to Customer Reports, "an estimated 6,057 individuals in 2014 mosted likely to an emergency clinic with injuries associated to press washing machine use. And 14% of those ER check outs caused extra a hospital stay - https://nopressurecs.mystrikingly.com." The strong psi of these devices can not only create lacerations, yet can create much more severe damages if the liquid gets involved in the skin cells as well as triggers a microbial infection.


The utmost attention to information is paid when taking treatment of your home (https://nopressurecleaningsolutions.godaddysites.com/f/what-does-no-pressure-cleaning-solutions-do). Not only are they offering you a service, yet they are additionally accountable for their security and also your own.


And also, with the cash as well as time you have actually saved by working with a specialist power cleaning organization you'll have the ability to relocate onto the various other DIY jobs on your order of business. Comments are shut.

 

 

 

An Unbiased View of No Pressure Cleaning Solutions


The dark black streaks on your roofing aren't only unsightly to the eye however they could be raising your electricity expense in the spring summertime and drop! The black spots can attract sunlight, triggering your roofing system to warm up and also move warmth to your attic room. This will trigger your whole home to heat up also with time, creating greater interior temperature levels.


A stress washing business expands with you - Power Washing. You can begin with a small budget and increase gradually. There are markets for pressure cleaning, regardless of where you live. You can target property owners, business establishments, or specialize in cleaning structure outside or driveways, decks, and outdoor patios. Providing home window as well as smokeshaft cleaning company is another alternative.


Next, you need to determine where you'll operate. Unless you're thinking about beginning from home, you'll need to rent a workplace or retail area for your pressure cleaning company. https://pbase.com/nopressurecs/profile. Depending upon your location, this will certainly set you back regarding $500-$2,500 regular monthly. Paying for a organization phone service/number is another critical cost that can be just $20 each month.

 

 

 

Fascination About No Pressure Cleaning Solutions


Then you need to figure out the cost of marketing your organization and employing workers. Some companies spend 10s of thousands each year on marketing, while some pay less than $1,000. Considering you're just starting, we advise beginning small (perhaps $200-$400 monthly). If you intend on hiring staff members, it's a good idea to spending plan $1,000 or more for labor expenses.


It's really one of those things you find out by doing. Somebody who understands what they are doing can complete a home in half the time it takes someone who is pressure washing for the very first time. While you're at it, make certain you get your hands on all the necessary equipment and also room we reviewed above to begin your organization.

 

 

 

 


Watch out for particular areas that are mosting likely to take added time or attention. Are you mosting likely to have to acquire a taller ladder or more tube to finish the job? Maintain great records for the length of time work take so you can get a feeling of what makes good sense for you to bill.

 

 

 

Our No Pressure Cleaning Solutions PDFs


You need to choose a name and a lawful structure and also acquire the proper licenses, permits, and also insurance policy. Let's go over each action in extra detail. Select an appealing and pertinent name for your stress cleaning business, full with a coordinating domain. You can inspect out our guide What's in a Name? Just How To Use Calling Conventions To Convert for even more pointers on selecting an excellent service name.


You can find out more and configuration your business in minutes online at Zen, Business. You need to understand the legal demands for doing organization as a stress washer to remain on the right side of the law. This consists of getting the appropriate licenses, allows, as well as insurance coverage. For the appropriate organization documents, contact your city's licensing workplace or area clerk's workplace to find out the exact demands for your area.


Every stress washing organization generally calls for 3 kinds of insurance: to cover damages or if they obtain cover damage that might be created when stress cleansing. to cover injuries to you or your personnel while on the job. You can see insurance policy agents to obtain personalized reports and advice when making insurance-related choices.

 

 

 

The 7-Minute Rule for No Pressure Cleaning Solutions

 

Power WashingRoof Cleaning


Wouldn't it be good to pull up to your driveway to see a gorgeous, tidy residence outside? To believe "yes, that's my home!". Whether your residence house siding is covered in mold or mold, or your home windows are discolored as well as streaky you can depend on the pros at Twister Pro Clean to assist (https://snip.ly/qofo78).


We are a household service so we understand the pride one takes in their house and also we intend to assist you really feel pleased of yours! Have a scroll down our web site to see exactly how we can help you. Or, if you are ready to get going, faucet on one of the buttons below to connect with us!.

 

 

 

Soft WashingPressure Washing
It raises the value of your residence Full Article if you remain in the market to market or aiming to rent it to others. Washing your residence without appropriate devices can harm the exterior of your home (Christmas Light Installation). A professional pressure washing company has the most contemporary, innovative specialist tools readily available on the marketplace today.

 

 

 

The 6-Minute Rule for No Pressure Cleaning Solutions


As the framework of every residence is various so is making sure the right process is used to wash your house. Experts take care of the exterior of your house, house siding, home windows and also door seals, etc. Professional power cleaning devices is effective as well as, if made use of without the correct understanding and experience to safely operate it, could cause injury to you or damage to your house.

 

 

 

Soft WashingLandscape Light Installation

 
 

 


No matter if you have actually never ever power washed your house prior to. Osborne Pro Clean is a leading as well as specialist home cleaning company as well as our group will involve your home with every little thing needed to perform the service, conserving you a major hassle of leasing or acquiring equipment, cleansers as well as safety and security equipment.
 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15